Which theory posits that human behavior is influenced by unconscious memories, thoughts, and urges?

• A. Psychoanalytic theory
• B. Behaviorism
• C. Humanistic psychology
• D. Trait theory

Answer: (A)

Unconscious processes shaping behavior are explained by psychoanalytic theory. This approach, pioneered by Freud, holds that mental life includes memories, thoughts, and urges outside conscious awareness, and these unconscious elements can influence feelings and actions. Through ideas like defense mechanisms and unresolved early-life conflicts, hidden forces can steer behavior even when we don’t consciously recognize why. This emphasis on unconscious drives sets it apart from other theories: behaviorism focuses on observable actions and conditioning, humanistic psychology highlights conscious experience and personal growth, and trait theory describes stable characteristics. So the theory that posits behavior is influenced by unconscious memories, thoughts, and urges is psychoanalytic theory.