When a student exhibits health risk behaviors such as substance use, which sequence of counselor actions is most appropriate?

• A. Report to law enforcement, then disciplinary action, then dismissal
• B. Refer to outside agencies only after crisis
• C. Wait for parental notification before any action
• D. Conduct risk assessment, provide brief intervention, and refer to appropriate services

Answer: (D)

When a student shows health risk behaviors like substance use, the most appropriate path centers on safety, assessment, and support. Start with a risk assessment to determine how serious the use is, whether there is any immediate danger, and what resources the student already has. This helps you understand the level of need and plan next steps without jumping to conclusions or punitive actions.

Then engage in a brief intervention. You offer a concise, collaborative conversation that educates the student about risks, reinforces motivation to change, and helps them consider concrete next steps. The aim is to empower the student and reduce harm in a nonjudgmental way.

Finally, refer to appropriate services. This means connecting the student to school-based counseling, community treatment programs, or other relevant resources, while coordinating with families as appropriate and respecting confidentiality within legal guidelines. This sequence supports ongoing support and safety rather than resorting to punishment or delays.

Other approaches that skip assessment, delay intervention, or focus only on reporting or discipline tend to miss the student's immediate safety needs and the opportunity for early, constructive help.